The deliverables of this project are as follows:

1. We proposed the radio-over-fiber (RoF) architectures for the radio cells less than 1 m² (useful for indoor human robotics applications), referred to as an attocell network. We evaluated the cost of these networks. We proposed suitable medium access control (MAC) protocols for these architectures and evaluated the networks based on the packet delay and throughput. Based on the results, we give design recommendations of the networks.
   
2. We proposed the RoF architectures for the large cells (useful for mobile telecommunications). The network proposed is equipped with the resource allocation flexibility, where more resources are steered toward the network where the demand is more. We proposed a mobile interleaved polling and a wavelength allocation algorithm and evaluated the delay performance of these algorithms. 
3. We extended the proposed RoF network with the support of wavelength open access and proposed a suitable dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm to accrue the advantages of wavelength open access. 
4. We also studied the performance of converged vs. non-converged MAC protocol for the RoF networks. We also extended the converged MAC protocol to give the quality of experience (QoE) bounds based on the quality of service (QoS) parameters. 
5. We experimentally demonstrated a low-cost, directly modulated laser (DML)-based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-RoF network, which used 64-QAM as the subcarrier modulation. 
6. A frequency and wavelength-division multiplexed (FWDM)-RoF network, which uses spectral-efficient M-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and cost-efficient DML, was also experimentally demonstrated.

1. Abhishek Dixit, "Architectures and Algorithms for Radio-Over-Fiber Networks," in IEEE J. Opt. Commun. Netw., vol. 10, pp.: 535-544, 2018.
2. Kshitiza Singh, Abhishek Dixit, and Virander Kumar Jain, "Optical backbone and control of attocell network," in Photonic Network Communications, vol. 39, no. 3, pp.: 165-180, 2020.