Waste Treatment Laboratory

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Polymerase chain Reaction or PCR (Eppendorf)

Used to make many copies of a specific region of DNA in vitro. The PCR reaction consisted of target DNA, DNA polymerase, specific buffer for DNA polymerase, deoxynucleotides (dNTPs), primers for target region, and sterile water. In PCR, the reaction is repeatedly cycled through a series of temperature changes, which allow many copies of the target region to be produced. It is used for gene cloning, gene expression, mutational analysis and DNA sequencing.

Real time quantitative PCR/qPCR (Biorad and Qiagen)

Used for DNA sequencing, cloning, generation of probes, quantification of DNA and RNA, studying patterns of gene expression, and detection of sequence-tagged sites. It is very similar to traditional PCR. The major difference being that with qPCR the amount of PCR product is measured after each round of amplification using fluorescent labels while with traditional PCR, the amount of PCR product is measured only at the end point of amplification. The system is equipped with an optical detection module to measure the fluorescent signal generated during each amplification cycle.

DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) (Biorad)

It is an electrophoretic method to identify single base changes in a segment of DNA. The technique is used for fingerprint analysis of microbial community composition, diversity, and dynamics. The method is rapid and affordable, allowing multiple samples to be processed simultaneously.

UV- transilluminator (BR Biochem)

Used for viewing DNA/RNA in ethidium bromide stained agarose gels. The ethidium bromide in the gels binds with nucleic acid, which causes DNA segments to become fluoresce and visible on exposure of UV-B light source in transilluminator.

Ribolyzer (MP Biomedicals)

It is a high-speed benchtop homogenizer offering the ultimate in speed and performance for the lysis of biological samples. It is used for isolation of genomic DNA from soil, sediments, faecal, sludge and other biological samples.

Gel Documentation unit (Biorad)

Also called Gel Doc or Gel Imager is widely used for quick and easy visualization, documentation, and analysis of nucleic acid and protein gels, blots, and macroarrays. It has a CCD camera to capture images in real time. The system is controlled by Image Lab software to annotate and document images, analyze molecular weights, and to determine accurate quantitation and purity of samples.

Gel Electrophoretic System (Cleaver Scientific)

Used to separate DNA fragments (or other macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins) based on their size and charge. It involves running a current through a gel containing the molecules of interest. Based on their size and charge, the molecules will travel through the gel at different speeds, allowing them to be separated from one another.

Refrigerated Centrifuge (Eppendorf)

Used to separate solid particles dispersed in liquid medium at speed of 200-14,000rpm and within temperature range of -9°C to 40°C. The instrument is driven by an electric motor that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis, applying a force perpendicular to the axis. It works using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration causes denser substances to separate out along the radial direction.

Dry Bath (Jaisbo)

Used for a range of different heating, thawing and incubating samples. It has an aluminum alloy which allows distribution of the heat in a uniform manner.

Deep Freezer (-20) (Celfrost)

Used for long time storage of enzymes, chemicals, antibiotics, bacteria, and other temperature sensitive items to prevent their degradation or denaturation.

The gold standard in moisture and solids analysis.

The SMART 6 is the most technologically advanced microwave moisture analyzer in the world for rapid moisture / solids analysis. The system utilizes a combination of microwave and infrared to rapidly analyze moisture and solids in any product. This patented dual-frequency drying energy source provides the most rapid and complete drying available, for the widest range of sample types.

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