17  Basis Sets and Plane Waves

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17.1 Plane Wave Basis Sets

\[ \phi_i(\mathbf{r}) = \sum_{\mathbf{G}} c_{i,\mathbf{G}}\, e^{i(\mathbf{k}+\mathbf{G})\cdot\mathbf{r}} \tag{17.1}\]

where \(\mathbf{G}\) are reciprocal lattice vectors and the sum is truncated at a kinetic energy cutoff \(E_{\text{cut}}\):

\[ \frac{|\mathbf{k} + \mathbf{G}|^2}{2} \leq E_{\text{cut}} \tag{17.2}\]